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Essex County is a county located in the northeastern part of the U.S. state of New Jersey. As of 2014, Essex County's Census-estimated population was 795,723,〔 an increase of 1.5% from the 2010 United States Census, when its population was enumerated at 783,987,〔 in turn a decrease of 1.2% (9,664 fewer residents) from the 793,633 enumerated in the 2000 Census〔 and making it the third-most populous county in the state, having dropped behind Middlesex County, and one of only two counties in the state to see a decline in population during the decade between 2000 and 2010 (Cape May County being the other).〔(NJ Labor Market Views ), New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, March 15, 2011. Accessed October 4, 2013.〕〔 Its county seat is Newark.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 It is part of the New York Metropolitan Area. The Bureau of Economic Analysis ranked the county as having the 94th-highest per capita income of all 3,113 counties in the United States (and the seventh-highest in New Jersey) as of 2009.〔, Bureau of Economic Analysis, backed uo by the Internet Archive as of July 22, 2011. Accessed September 9, 2012.〕 ==Overview== The county is named after Essex, a county in the East of England.〔Kane, Joseph Nathan; and Aiken, Charles Curry. (''The American Counties: Origins of County Names, Dates of Creation, and Population Data, 1950-2000'' ), p. 95. Scarecrow Press, 2005. ISBN 0810850362. Accessed January 21, 2013.〕 Based on data from the 2010 census, Essex County is the 14th-most densely populated county in the United States, and was ranked second in the state after Hudson County (which ranked sixth in the nation at 13,731.4 per square mile).〔Staff. ("Census 2010 data show population and diversity trends" ), ''USA Today''. Accessed October 4, 2013. Click on "Population per Square Mile" to sort counties nationwide by descending population density."〕 Newark, with a population density of 11,458.3 people/square mile, is the largest municipality in the county both in terms of land area (24.19 square miles) and population (277,140), while Caldwell is the smallest in terms of land area (1.17 square miles) and Essex Fells has the smallest population (2,113).〔(GCT-PH1: Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - County -- County Subdivision and Place from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for Essex County, New Jersey ), United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 6, 2012.〕 Many of the county's smallest municipalities have population densities that are comparable to those of many big cities, and are well above the state's average which in turn is the highest in the nation. Like many of the counties of Northern New Jersey near New York City — which tend to have sharp divides between relatively rich suburban neighborhoods and less wealthy, more densely populated cities nearby — the eastern region of Essex County tends to be poorer and more urbanized, while the western parts tend to be more affluent and suburban. Eastern Essex This wide area has significant pockets of high population, high building density, high poverty and high crime rates. Within this general area however are many stable, mixed and middle-income areas of diverse populations. For example, north and west sides of Newark have well-kept suburban areas such as Vailsburg, Newark, New Jersey and Forest Hill, Newark, New Jersey. The east side of Newark is the Ironbound, a working-class Brazilian and Portuguese community. East Orange has the Presidential Estate neighborhood full of large one family homes. Belleville and Bloomfield are suburbs with historic Italian communities that, in spite of retaining a core Italian-American population, now have many immigrants from Latin America and Asia. As of the 2000 Census, 36% of Nutley residents indicated that they were of Italian ancestry, the 12th-highest of any municipality in the nation and third-highest in New Jersey.〔(Italian Communities ), EPodunk. Accessed October 4, 2013.〕 Beginning at about the turn of the century, this region led the state in the rebuilding and rehab of its housing stock. In the 2000s, Newark led the state in the issuance of building permits. Many reasons were cited: city-wide incentives to encourage construction development, an improving local economy, the rising demand of low-cost housing so close to Manhattan. Newark has since then become one of the fastest growing cities in the entire Northeast.〔Roberts, Sam. ("Biggest Urban Growth Is in South and West" ), June 28, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007.〕〔(Census data for Newark, New Jersey ), accessed November 14, 2006〕 and reported a gain in median income and drop in poverty rate.〔(Newark city, New Jersey – Fact Sheet – American FactFinder )〕 This is a turnaround from the deterioration and abandonment experienced in the post-riot 1970s, 1980s and early part of the 1990s. Crime in this part of the county has traditionally been among the highest in the state and the country as well, but recently has also seen significant declines, mirroring its large neighbor to the east, New York City.〔Wang, Katie. ("County reports largest drop is in violent crime" ), ''The Star-Ledger'', October 17, 2007. Accessed November 13, 2007. "For the second year in a row, overall crime in Essex County dropped by 10 percent, according to the annual crime statistics released by the State Police yesterday. The county saw the biggest drops in violent crime in 2006, particularly in robberies and aggravated assaults. Those incidents dropped by 6 percent and 7 percent respectively."〕 By 2006, crime in Newark had fallen 60% over 10 years to its lowest levels in 40 years.〔(Total Crime Rate for US Cities, 1995: Population 40,000+ ), accessed November 14, 2006〕〔(Crime in the Cities ), New Jersey State Police. Accessed November 14, 2006〕 Neighboring East Orange has seen crime fall more recently, dropping 50% in the three years (2005 to 2007).〔Jones, Richard G. ("The Crime Rate Drops, and a City Credits Its Embrace of Surveillance Technology" ), ''The New York Times'', May 29, 2007. Accessed November 11, 2007.〕 While homicide rates have fallen in Newark and East Orange in recent years, homicide rates in Newark, Irvington, East Orange, and Orange remain stubbornly high. In 2008, Newark had 67 homicides, down from 105 in 2007 and the record of 161 murders set in 1981.〔〔Lueck, Thomas J. ("As Newark Mayor Readies Crime Fight, Toll Rises" ), ''The New York Times'', January 8, 2007. Accessed October 6, 2007. "For all of 2006, the police said, Newark had 104 homicides, far below its record of 161 in 1981, but more than in any other year since 1995."〕 In contrast, Western Essex tends to be more suburban and affluent. Within this region are some of the most diverse and racially integrated municipalities in the state and nation, including Montclair, West Orange, South Orange and Maplewood. Many neighborhoods are well-known magnets for New Yorkers such as Glen Ridge, Montclair, Verona, south Orange and West Orange. The communities of Livingston, West Caldwell, South Orange, Maplewood, Millburn, North Caldwell, and Essex Fells are some of the wealthiest towns in the county. Short Hills in Millburn, South Orange, and Livingston have large Jewish communities. Livingston also has a burgeoning Taiwanese-American population, many of whom are highly educated white collar professionals with Ivy League degrees. Short Hills has a popular upscale shopping mall, The Mall at Short Hills located near affluent communities in Morris and Union counties.〔(About Us ), The Mall at Short Hills. Accessed May 10, 2015.〕 As the poorest place in the county, Newark has a median household income of $26,913 and a per capita income of $13,009; at the other extreme, Essex Fells, one of the wealthier places in the county and the 4th wealthiest municipality in the state, has a median household income of $148,173 and a per capita income of $77,434. Newark and Essex Fells are only apart. While many residents commute to New York City, Organon International, Anheuser-Busch, Automatic Data Processing, CIT Group, Hoffmann-LaRoche, W. W. Grainger, Dun & Bradstreet and Prudential have large facilities in Essex County or are headquartered there, and there are numerous factories and large office parks scattered throughout. Essex County was the first county in the country to create a county park system (Essex County Park System), to ensure that it did not lose all its land to development.〔Accomando, Peter R. and Liebau, Michelle M. ("Essex County park system celebrates 100 years of beauty and service" ), ''Parks & Recreation'', March 1995. Accessed May 26, 2007. "This picturesque scheme amid the bustling cityscape of Newark is Branch Brook Park, the largest park in Essex County and the first county park in the United States."〕 The various municipalities of the county, especially Newark, the Oranges, and the Caldwells were seen on episodes of the HBO mob drama ''The Sopranos'', which was set in North Caldwell.〔Parrillo, Rosemary. (" The Locations" ), ''The Star-Ledger'', March 4, 2001. Accessed October 4, 2013.〕 There are various attractions in Essex County, such as the Thomas Edison National Historical Park, Grover Cleveland Birthplace, Newark Museum, Montclair Art Museum, and the Turtle Back Zoo. The county is also home to Newark Liberty International Airport, Essex County Airport, and Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Essex County, New Jersey」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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